ইংরেজি

Model Question-1 a. (i) hut; b. (ii) The cow; c. (ii) a cat; d. (ii) wood, bamboo and reeds; e. (ii) a jungle; f. (i) problems; g. (ii) happy; h. (ii) mice; i. (iii) obstacle; j. (iii) live; k. (ii) A society can make people good and happy citizens; l. (iii) mouse; m. (iv) Exclamatory sentence a. The young man went to a jungle. He made a nice little hut with wood, bamboo and reeds. The mice made holes in his blanket. He brought a cat to kill the mice. The needs of men can be fulfilled if they live in a family or community. People require food, shelter, companions and cooperation. Living in a society can make people good and happy citizens. He made a nice little hut in the jungle. He found some mice in his hut one day. I learn that nobody can live without a society. If we live in a society, the needs can be fulfilled. Again, living in society can make people good and happy citizens. The young man found in the family in his village full of problems and sufferings. Quarrels, ill feelings, jealousy, enmity all were part of everyday life there. He went to a jungle. He made a mice little hut with wood, bamboo and reeds. He found some mice in his hut one day. Living in a society can make people good and happy citizens. People need food, shelter, companions and cooperation. Our need can be fulfilled if we live in a family or community. The young man brought the cowboy to look after the cow. Model Question-2 a. (iii) group work; b. (iv) teacher; c. (iii) democratically; d. (iii) in your behaviour; e. (iv) society; f. (iv) society; g. (i) behaviour; h. (iv) noticeable; i. (iii) good; j. (iii) behavioural change; k. (ii) We must acquire knowledge and try to use it in our day to day life; l. (ii) Let us; m. (ii) observe. a. We will have to prepare ourselves to do good deeds in society to be a good citizen. The other areas we should have knowledge about are as follows―. (i) our country (ii) our executive, legislative and judicial system (iii) our government (iv) our history, culture, religion and educational system We need skills to apply our knowledge in practical situations. The process of knowing and doing things will bring about a change in our behaviour towards others. We should have knowledge about group work in the classroom. A noticeable change will take place in our conduct through regular group work. The probable changes are likely to be in our department are as follows―. (i) attitude of freely mixing and taking (ii) disappearance of shyness (iii) attitude of helping and co-operating (iv) democratic behaviour My teacher is the right person to monitor and help us do the group work. We will behave in a democratic way when radical changes take place in our behaviour. The behavioral changes taking place in someone inside the classroom will be carried over outside the classroom, in real-life situations. We have to prepare ourselves to do good work in society in order to be a good citizen. Without knowing modern sciences, technologies including ICT and other necessary subjects, we shall have difficulty living a good life. As a good citizen, we should have knowledge about– (i)  Our country. (ii) Our state – executive and legislative powers. (iii) Our judicial system. (iv) Our government and its structures and functions. (v)  Our history. (vi) Our socio-economic activities and educational system. Knowing and doing things will bring about a change in our behaviour towards others. Through regular group work, there will be a noticeable change in our behaviour. Model Question-3 a. (ii) responsibility; b. (iv) attend; c. (ii) help; d. (ii) fundamental; e. (i) 18; f. (iv) noun; g. (i) something that it is your job or duty to deal with; h. (iii) freedom of religion; i. (iv) all of them; j. (i) asset; k. (i) a person who lives next door; l. (iii) responsibility. a. Responsibility is a duty or obligation to do things and not to do things. We can cast our vote when we are 18 years or above. We should help a neighbour when he faces problems. The responsibilities of the government are to provide for its citizens the basic necessities of life as well as to protect the fundamental rights of its citizens. Our responsibilities are to take care of our parents, to attend school and pursue our studies properly, to cast our vote, to help a neighbour in problems. It is also our responsibilities not to steal a book from a library, not to keep building wastes on the footpath. We have the responsibility to the society and to the government. We should take care of our parents properly when they become old. We should not put our building materials on the footpath. Our achieved knowledge, skills and attitudes will help us to discharge our responsibilities effectively. The fundamental rights of citizens are freedom of speech and expression, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, equality of all before law. Responsibility is a duty or an obligation to do things and not to do things. We should cast our vote when we are 18 or over. Our responsibilities are as follows– * to take care of our parents. * to attend school and pursue our studies properly. * to help a neighbour in trouble. * to cast our vote. * not to steal a book from a public library. * not to put our building materials on the footpath. The government has the responsibilities to provide for its citizens the basic necessities of life and to protect the fundamental rights of its citizens. We should help a neighbour in problems. Model Question-4 a. (i) early riser; b. (iv) games and sports; c. (i) participate; d. (iv) about an; e. (iii) hobby; f. (iii) hails; g. (ii) sometimes; h. (i) encouraged; i. (ii) pastime; j. (i) were;

    Part A : Reading Test (Marks-50) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Unit-11: Lesson-1(B) Sohan lives in a village in the south-west part of Bangladesh. Last night he could not sleep. His sister had the SSC exam next morning. She could not read either. There was-load shedding. The summer night being sticky hot, life became hell without electricity. Most of their area remained dark for hours due to power shortage. In May-June, temperature shoots up to 40 degree Celsius. With almost 90 per cent of humidity in the atmosphere, it becomes all sweat, wet, damp and stinky. When you are busy fanning yourself all the time, how come you concentrate on studies? In the night it is impossible to sit in the study with a candle light or table lamp or hurricane lamp or a rural kerosene lamp. People simply come out of houses almost bare-bodied and sit in the open places. Some splash cold water on their faces. Fans are still, lamps are out and it is dark everywhere. It is simply unbearable. What is the reason of frequent load-shedding? Press reports say there is a shortage in electricity production. According to the Power development authorities, the current demand for electricity is more than 6,000 MW* a day while the supply remains around 4,200 MW. In the rural areas, the Rural Electrification Board (REB) can supply barely half of the total demand which is around 2,400 MW per day. In the capital city, the demand stands at around 1,400 MW while the supply amounts to 650 MW. As a result, load shedding is unavoidable. Abyev` :  †mvnvb evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðg As‡k GK MÖv‡g evm K‡i| MZiv‡Z †m Nygv‡Z cv‡i wb| c‡ii w`b mKv‡j Zvi †ev‡bi GmGmwm cix¶v wQj| †mI co‡Z cv‡iwb| †mw`b †jvWwkwWs wQj| MÖx‡®§i ivZ LyeB Mig nIqvq, we`y¨r e¨ZxZ Rxeb `ywe©ln n‡qwQj| we`y¨r msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y NÈvi ci NÈv AwaKvsk GjvKv AÜKv‡i wQj| †g-Ry‡b ZvcgvÎv 40 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm ch©š— †cuŠQj| cÖvq 90 fvM mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z cwi‡e‡k GwU Nvg, †fRv, mu¨vZmu¨v‡Z I MÜgq K‡i †d‡j| hLb me mgq wb‡R‡K evZvm Ki‡Z e¨¯—, ZLb Kxfv‡e covq g‡bv‡hvM e‡m? iv‡Zi †ejv †gvgevwZi Av‡jv ev †Uwej j¨v¤ú ev nvwi‡Kb A_ev MÖvg¨ †K‡ivwm‡bi evwZi mvnv‡h¨ co‡Z emv Am¤¢e| †jvKRb cÖvq Lvwj kix‡iB Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m Ges †Lvjv RvqMvq e‡m| Zv‡`i †Pnvivq VvÛv cvwb wQUvq| cvLv GLb Av‡Q, jÉb wejyß n‡q‡Q Ges me©Î GLb AÜKvi| GwU mvaviYfv‡eB Amnbxq| cÖvqkB †jvW-‡kwWs Gi KviY Kx? msev‡`i cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, we`y¨r NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| cvIqvi Dbœqb KZ©„c‡¶i gZvbymv‡i cÖwZw`b we`y¨‡Zi Pvwn`v 6000 (Qq nvRvi) †gMvIqvU| MÖvgxY GjvKvq MÖvgxY we`y¨Zvqb †evW©‡K (AviBwe) me©‡gvU Pvwn`vi A‡a©‡KiI Kg mieivn Kiv nq hv cÖwZw`b cÖvq 2400 †gMvIqvU| ivRavbx kn‡i cÖvq 1400 †gMvIqvU Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b mieivn i‡q‡Q 650 †gMvIqvU| myZivs †jvW-†kwWs Gov‡bv Am¤¢e| wKš‘ Lye `ª“ZB Ae¯’vi DbœwZ n‡”Q| VOCABULARY Main word Bengali meaning Synonyms Remain Ae¯’vb Kiv stay Shortage NvUwZ want, lack, dearth Stinky A¯^w¯—Ki unpleasant Humidity †fRv wetness, dampness Concentrate g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqv pay attention Splash wQUv‡bv spray, wet Reason KviY cause Unbearable Amnbxq intolerable Development Dbœqb improvement Barely K`vwPr hardly As a result d‡j consequently Unavoidable Gov‡bv hvq bv Ggb obligatory, inevitable Sticky f¨vcmv hermid, steamy Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 The reason of Sohan’s sister’s inability to read that night was —. i) Sohan’s disturbance                                ii) lack of load-shedding           ; iii) lack of electricity                                    iv)  her own intention Increase of temperature upto 40°C occurs —. i) throughout the whole year                       ii)  at the time of load-shedding iii) during the SSC exam                              iv)  in the summer How is the situation of the supply of electricity in term of demand? i) consistent           ii)  insufficient             iii) over-flowing          iv)  enough The weather in summer is —. i) intolerable ii)  unavoidable            iii) impossible              iv)  very pleasant Load-shedding is — affair now-a-days. i) rare ii)  uncommon             iii) common                 iv)  weekly When was the SSC exam held, according to the passage? i) in the winter        ii)  in the spring            iii) in the summer         iv) in February–March About — of the atmosphere remains free of humidity in May to June. i) 90%                    ii)  40%                        iii) 60%                       iv)   10% Extra Practices Which cannot function at the time of load-shedding? i) candle lamp        ii)  fans                        iii) table lamp               iv) hurricane lamp Which is the main reason of load-shedding? i) low production   ii)  hot temperature      iii) high production      iv)  limited demand The REB monitors electrical affairs —. i) throughout the whole country                 ii)  in the capital iii) outside the urban areas                           iv)  outside the rural areas: Sohan lives in the —— part of Bangladesh. (i)    south-west                                       (ii)   east-west (iii)  north-south                                      (iv)  south-east Sohan’s sister had the —— exam next morning. (i)    HSC                                                 (ii)   SSC (iii)  BA                                                   (iv)  MA Temperature shoots up to —— in May–June. (i)    40ºC                                                (ii)   50ºC (iii)  60ºC                                                (iv)  30ºC In the capital city the demand stands at around ——. (i)    1400 MW                                        (ii)   140 MW (iiI   1400 W                                            (iv)  1400 KW REB stands for —— (i)    Rural Electricity Bureau                  (ii)   Rare Electricity Board (iii)  Rural Electicity Board                     (iv)  Rural Electrification Board Answer the following questions. 2×5 = 10 Why could not Sohan sleep last night? Where does Sohan live? What are simply unbearable? What do people do in time of load -shedding at night? Why is it impossible to sit in the study without electricity at night? Extra Practices What happened to Sohan last night? How was the summer night? What happened during load-shedding in Sohan’s area? What causes load-shedding? What is the current demand for electricity?         Part A : Reading Test (Marks-50) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                Unit-11: Lesson-2(B) In a speech at the 90th Science Congress, internationally acknowledged scientist and former Indian president Mr APJ Abdul Kalam mentioned a very important aspect of mankind’s future energy crisis. He pointed out that the era of wood and bio-mass has almost come to an end. The age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades. Massive burning of world’s

    Part A : Reading Test (Marks-50) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                 Unit-6: Lesson-1(A) Known as the Land of Everest, Nepal is one of the most charming countries in Asia. It is also known as the only Hindu Kingdom in the world. The Kingdom of Nepal is a small land of sublime beauty. It has some of the world’s best and very important temples. It is a country that is rich in scenic luxury and cultural treasures. Nepal lies between India and the Tibetan part of China. This small country has an area of 147,181 square kilometers. Southern Nepal is tropical lowland known as the Tarai Plain. This part of Nepal has hot summers and warm winters. Here the temperatures reach up to 40°C in April and May and monsoon rains drench this region from June to September. The central hill-lands including the Kathmandu and Pokhara valleys have a temperate climate and are also influenced by the monsoon. North of that is the slope of the main section of the Himalayan range. This part of Nepal has some of the highest peaks of the world including Everest. Nepal is home to nearly 29,000,000 people. The population is primarily rural. Kathmandu, the capital city, has less than one million inhabitants. Nepal’s demographic features are complicated not only by dozens of ethnic groups, but by different castes. In total, there are 103 castes and ethnic groups living in this small country. The two largest of such groups are known as Chetri and Bahun. Others include Magar, Tharu and Tamang, Newar, Muslim, Gurung and Damai. About 48 percent of the people speak Nepali. Among other languages spoken are Maithali, Bhojpuri, Tharu and Tamang. Nepal is the holy land of Lord Pashupatinath and Gautam Buddha where the Hindus and Buddhists have lived together in harmony for centuries. The Temple of Pashupatinath is the most sacred Hindu shrine and one of the four most important cities in the world for Shiva worshippers. Lord Buddha, the light of Asia, was born in Lumbini in Nepal’s southern plains, which makes this a scared pilgrimage destination for the Buddhists as well. In fact, many Nepalese combine Hindu and Buddhist practices; many temples and shrines are shared between the two faiths, and some deities are worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists. The Kathmandu Valley is the rich cultural heritage centre of Nepal. The three ancient cities of the Valley- Patan, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur- represent an epitome of harmony in urban design, elegant architecture and refined culture. These cities are famous for religious monuments unequalled in the world. The seven monument zones situated within the Valley have been named as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Adding dazzling colour to Nepal’s vibrant culture are the many festivals that are celebrated throughout the year. Dasain or Dusherra is celebrated nationwide in October. This is the most important of all Nepalese celebrations and includes the biggest animal sacrifice of the year. Tihar is celebrated in November. Other festivals include the Holi and Chaitra Daisan. Some Hindu festivals are the Haribodhini Ekadashi, Maha Shivaratri And the Krishna Jayanti. There are Buddhist celebrations too and those include Mani Rimd, Buddha Jayanti and Losar which marks the Tibetan New Year. e½vbyev`t Gfv‡i‡÷i †`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †bcvj Gwkqvi me‡P‡q g‡bvni †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU| GwU c„w_ex‡Z GKgvÎ wn›`y ivR¨ wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ| †bcvj ivR¨wU Aciƒc †mŠ›`‡h©i †QvÆ GKwU f~wg| Gi Av‡Q c„w_exi KwZcq me‡P‡q fv‡jv Ges AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© gw›`i| GwU GKwU †`k hv g‡bvgy»Ki `„k¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨ mg„×| fviZ Ges Px‡bi wZeŸ‡Zi As‡ki gv‡S †bcvj Aew¯’Z| GB †QvÆ †`kwUi AvqZb 1,47,181 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| `w¶Y †bcvj n‡jv MÖx®§gÛjxq wbgœf~wg hv ZvivB mgf~wg bv‡g cwiwPZ| †bcv‡ji GB As‡k Av‡Q DËß MÖx®§ Ges Dò kxZKvj| GLv‡b ZvcgvÎv  †mjwmqvm ch©š— D‡V GwcÖj Ges †g gv‡m Ges e„wó GB AÂj‡K wm³ iv‡L Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤^i ch©š—| KvVgvÛy Ges †cvLviv DcZ¨Kvmg~nmn †K›`ªxq cvnvwoA‡j i‡q‡Q bvwZkx‡Zvò Rjevqy Ges †gŠmywg evqy ØvivI cÖfvweZ| Gi Dˇi wngvjq ce©Zgvjvi cÖavb As‡ki Xvj Aew¯’Z| †bcv‡ji GB As‡k Gfv‡i÷mn c„w_exi m‡e©v”P wKQz Pzuov i‡q‡Q| ‡bcv‡j cÖvq 2 †KvwU 90 jvL †jv‡Ki †`k| RbmsL¨vq cÖv_wgKfv‡e MÖvgxY| Gi ivRavbx KvVgvÛy‡Z i‡q‡Q `k jv‡LiI Kg evwm›`v| †bcv‡ji RbmsL¨vZvwË¡K ˆewkó¨mg~n †Kej wecyj msL¨K b„ZvwË¡K †Mvôxi Rb¨B bq, Gi wewfbœ m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨I RwUj| GB ai‡bi †Mvôxi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo `ywU †Mvôx †ewÎ I evûb bv‡g cwiwPZ| Ab¨‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡Q gMi, _vi“ Ges ZvgvO, wbDqvi, gymwjg, ¸i“O Ges `vgvB| cÖvq 48 fvM †jvK †bcvjx fvlvq K_v e‡j| Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi g‡a¨ ˆg_vwj, †fvRcywi, _vi“ Ges ZvgvO fvlvi K_v ejv nq| cÖfy cïcwZbv_ Ges †MŠZg ey‡×i f~wg †bcvj GKwU cweÎ f~wg †hLv‡b wn›`y Ges †eŠ×iv kZvwãi ci kZvwã a‡i wg‡jwg‡k emevm Ki‡Q| cïcwZbv‡_i gw›`iwU wn›`y‡`i Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk cweÎ gw›`i Ges wke c~Rvwi‡`i Rb¨ c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© kn‡ii GKwU| cÖfy ey×, Gwkqvi Av‡jv, †bcv‡ji `w¶‡Yi mgf~wg‡Z Aew¯’Z jyw¤^wb‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, hv GwU‡K †eŠ×‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cweÎ Zx_©hvÎvi Mš—e¨¯’v‡b cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶, A‡bK †bcvwj wn›`y I †eŠ×‡`i agx©q PP©v GKwÎZ K‡i cvjb K‡i; A‡bK gw›`i Ges `yB g‡Zi wek¦vmxivB e¨envi K‡i Ges wKQz †`e‡`ex‡K wn›`y Ges †eŠ× Df‡qB c~Rv K‡i| KvVgvÛy DcZ¨Kv †bcv‡ji mg„× mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨i †K›`ª| DcZ¨Kvi wZbwU cÖvPxb kni-cvUvb, KvVgvÛy Ges e³vcyi-kû‡i bK&kv, AwfRvZ ¯’vcZ¨wkí Ges gvwR©Z ms¯‹…wZi mgš^‡qi cÖZxK‡K Zz‡j a‡i| c„w_ex‡Z AZzjbxq agx©q ¯§„wZ¯—‡¤¢i Rb¨ GB kni¸‡jv weL¨vZ| DcZ¨Kvi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z mvZ ¯§„wZ¯—‡¤¢i GjvKv‡K BD‡b‡¯‹v wek¦ HwZ‡n¨i ¯’vb wn‡m‡e bvgKiY K‡i‡Q| ‡bcv‡ji †ivgvÂKi ms¯‹…wZ‡Z †PvL auvav‡bv iO †hvM K‡i‡Q A‡bK Drme †h¸‡jv mviveQi a‡i D`&hvcb Kiv nq| `mvBb ev `v‡kiv A‡±vei gv‡m mviv †`kRy‡o cvjb Kiv nq| †bcvwj‡`i me D`hvcb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ges Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eQ‡ii me‡P‡q e„nr cïejx| wZnvi b‡f¤^‡i D`&hvcb Kiv nq| Ab¨vb¨ Drm‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †nvjx Ges ˆPÎ `Bmvb| wKQz wn›`y Drme n‡”Q nwiewabx GKv`kx, gnv wkeivwÎ Ges K…ò Rqš—x| †eŠ×‡`i DrmeI Av‡Q Ges †m¸‡jv n‡jv gwb wig&`, e„×z Rqš—x Ges †jvmvi hv wZeŸ‡Zi bZzb el©‡K wPwýZ K‡i| VOCABULARY Tropical (UªwcKvj) adj.- like or found in the tropics with hot climate; MÖx¤§gÛjxq|  Temperature (‡U¤úviPvi) n.- the degree of heat or cold in the body, room, country etc; ZvcgvÎv| Monsoon (g^b&m~b&) n.-

    Part A : Reading Test (Marks-50) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it(1−7).                            Unit-1: Lesson-1(B) Long ago, a young man found life in the family in his village full of problems and sufferings. Quarrels, ill-feelings, jealously, enmity – all were parts of everyday life there. So he left his house and went to a jungle to live by himself. There he made a nice little hut with wood, bamboo and reeds. “Ah, how happy I am here!” said the man to himself. But one day he found some mice in his hut. The little creatures soon made holes in his blanket. So he brought a cat to kill the mice. The cat needed milk. So he brought a cow. The cow needed grass and hay. So he brought a cowboy. The cowboy needed food. So he took a wife to cook meals. Then children were born to them, and the man found himself again in a family. So nobody can live alone, unless they are either angels or devils.  People need food, shelter, companions and cooperation. They need to help each other. And if they live in a family or community, their need can be fulfilled. Hence living in society can make people good and happy citizens. VOCABULARY Choose the best answer. 1×7=7 The man made a nice little___ in the jungle. (i) hut                     (ii) cottage                   (iii) building                 (iv) house ― required grass and hay. (i) The cat              (ii) The cow                 (iii) A cow boy            (iv) The rat The young man had to bring ― in order to kill mice. (i) a cow                (ii) a cat                       (iii) a cow boy             (iv) a wife The hut was made with ―. (i) wood, bamboo and brick                       (ii) wood, bamboo and reeds (iii) brick, reeds and bamboo                     (iv) bamboo, reeds and iron rod The man chose ― to live. (i) a locality           (ii) a jungle                  (iii) a family                (iv) a community The young man was beset with― in his life. (i) problems           (ii) hut                         (iii) jungle                    (iv) mice The man thought to be ¾ in the jungle alone. (i) unhappy            (ii) happy                     (iii) sad                        (iv) needy Answer the following questions. 2×5=10 Where did the young man go? What did he make a nice little hut with? What did the mice do? Why did he bring a cat? How can need of men be fulfilled?     Judicial (RywWkvj) adj.- relating to the administration of justice; wePvivjq msµvš—| Behavioural (we‡nwfAvij) adj.- relating to behaviour; AvPiYMZ| Attitude (A¨vwUwUDW) n.- a feeling or opinion about something or someone; g‡bvfve| Gradu   Part A : Reading Test (Marks-50) Read the passage carefully and answer the questions following it.                                      Unit-1: Lesson-2(B) To be a good citizen, you have to prepare yourself to do good work in society. Well, then how can you prepare yourself? First, you need knowledge. Today’s society is knowledge-based. Without knowing modern sciences, technologies including ICT and other necessary subjects, you will have difficulty living a good life. The other areas you, as a good citizen, should have knowledge about are: our country, its constitution, geography and people our state, its executive and legislative powers our judicial system our government and its structures and functions our history, cultures, traditions, literature, moral values and religions our socio-economic activities and educational system Second, you need skills to do things. Knowledge is not enough. You must be able to apply your knowledge to do things practically. Finally, knowing and doing things will bring about a change in your behaviour towards others. This behavioural change will show your attitudes towards others, that is, it will show how you think and feel about a person or thing. Let’s take an example. Suppose you, as a student, need to know about ‘group work’ in the classroom. So you ask yourself or your teacher or anybody, “What is group work?” Or you may find about it in a book. In this way, you can know, or you may have the knowledge about group work: To do group work, the class has to be divided into groups. Each group is to do some tasks given by the teacher or in the textbook. The group members will discuss and share ideas and points, and finally one member will write the answer. All this is knowledge about group work. Then you start working in groups. In each group you take turns discussing points, answering questions, etc. In this way you actually do the task. Your teacher may monitor and help you to do the work. Lastly, through regular group work it is expected that there will be noticeable changes in your behaviour. Possible changes are: You will develop the attitude of freely mixing and talking with your classmates and teacher. Your shyness will gradually disappear. You will develop the attitude of helping and cooperating with each other. You will learn to behave in a democratic way. Most importantly, these behavioural changes taking place in you inside the classroom will be carried over outside the classroom, in real-life situations. VOCABULARY ally (MÖvRyq¨vwj) adv.- in a gradual way; µgvMZfv‡e Democratic (‡W‡gvµ¨wUK) adj.- relating to or supporting democracy or its principles; MYZvwš¿K|Citizen (wmwU‡Rb) n.- a person who is a member of a particular country, or, a person who lives in a particular town or city; bvMwiK| Constitution (Kbw÷wUDkvb) n.- the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed; msweavb| Society (‡mvmvBwU) n.- the community of people living in a particular region and having shared customs, laws and organizations; mgvR| Technology (‡UK‡bvjwR) n.- the parctical use of scientific discoveries; cÖhyw³| Include (BbK¬zW) v.- to contain something as a part of something else; Aš—f©y³ Kiv| Geography (wRIMÖvdx) n.- f~‡Mvjwe`¨v/‡fŠMwjK cwi‡ek/f~‡Mvj| Executive (BM‡RKz¨wUf) adj.- relating to or having the power to put plans or actions into effect; wbe©vnx| Legislative (‡jwRmj¨vwUf) adj.- having the power to make laws; AvBb cÖYq‡bi ¶gZv-wewkó| Choose the best answer from the alternatives. 1×7=7 Students should have the knowledge regarding ―. (i) society               (ii) country                  (iii)